Return to: (Excerpted)
History of Fort de la Présentation |
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Source of the following
excerpt: research.info.com |
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The British Army implemented
a numbering system in 1751 to reflect the seniority of a regiment by its
date of creation, with the King's becoming the 8th
(The King's) Regiment of Foot in
the order
of precedence. The beginning of the Seven
Years' War, which would encompass Europe and its colonial possessions,
necessitated the 8th's expansion to two battalions, amounting to a total
of 20 companies. Both battalions formed part of an expedition in 1757 that
captured Ile
d'Aix, an island off the western coast of France, as a precursor to
a planned seizure of the mainland garrison town of Rochefort.
The 2nd Battalion became the 63rd
Regiment of Foot in 1758 and would not be replaced until 1804.
When the regiment augmented the Hanoverian
Army in 1760, the 8th King's had its grenadier
company committed to the battles of Warburg
and Kloster
Kampen. As a complete regiment, the 8th served at Kirch-Denkern, Paderborn,
Wilhelmsthal,
and the capture of Cassel.
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The
role of the 8th (The King's) Regiment of Foot
in
the American
Revolutionary War (1768–1785) |
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The regiment arrived in Canada
in 1768 and had its ten companies dispersed to garrison isolated posts
on the Great
Lakes: Fort
Niagara (four), Fort
Detroit (three), Fort
Michilimackinac (two), and Fort
Oswego (one). As the battalion's deployment appeared to near completion,
protests in the eastern colonies began to intensify, evolving from vocal
concerns about self-determination and taxation
without representation to rebellion
against Britain in 1775.
During its posting, the 8th King's possessed
a number of officers adept in cultivating a relationship with tribes on
the Great Lakes, the most notable being Captain Arent
DePeyster and Lieutenant John Caldwell. Later to become 5th Baronet
of County
Fermanagh's Caldwell Castle, Caldwell immersed himself in his efforts
to foster understanding between the British and Ojibwa, reputedly marrying
a member of the tribe and becoming a chief under the adopted name of "The
Runner".
In the west, Captain DePeyster's negotiations
proved instrumental in maintaining peace between the British and tribes
such as the Mohawk
and Ojibwa
nations. Born into a prominent New
York family of Dutch
origin, DePeyster held authority over Fort Michilimackinac. In 1778, using
£19,000 of goods as leverage, he arranged for more than 550 warriors
from several tribes to serve in Montreal
and Ottawa.
Location of
8th Foot during the American Revolution
The invasion
of Canada by American generals Richard
Montgomery and Benedict
Arnold began in mid-1775. By the end of November, the Americans had
captured Fort
St. Jean, Montreal,
and Fort
Chambly, and besieged the city of Quebec.
An attempt to storm it in December resulted in Montgomery's death. Reinforcements
from Europe raised the siege in May 1776 and expelled the almost starved
and exhausted Americans from the area. The only significant battle the
8th Foot participated in followed the ending of the Quebec siege.
From Fort
Oswegatchie, Captain George Forster of the regiment's light company
led a composite force, including 40 regulars and about 200 warriors, across
the St.
Lawrence River to attack Fort
Cedars, held by 400 Americans under Timothy
Bedel. Forster maintained illicit contact with occupied Montreal,
and received intelligence of American troop movements using Indian operatives
and de
Lorimier.
Arriving at the fort on 18 May, the
British briefly exchanged fire before Forster parleyed
with Bedel's successor, Major Isaac Butterfield, to request his surrender
and warn him of consequences should Indian warriors be committed. The commander,
whose men had been seemingly distressed by an earlier display of Indian
war chanting, expressed a willingness to do so on the proviso of being
allowed to retire with his weapons - a condition that Forster refused. |
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Butterfield conceded the
fort on the 19th on the day an American relief force of about 150 resumed
its advance on Cedars, having previously reembarked aboard bateaux
because of exaggerated scout reports.
Once he learned of the column's presence,
Forster had a detachment ambush the Americans from positions astride the
only available path through the forest. The relief's commander, Major Shelburne,
surrendered but the battle infuriated the Indian contingent as the Allies'
only fatality was a Seneca
war chief. Forster managed to dissuade them from executing the prisoners
by paying substantial ransoms for some of the captives as compensation
for the loss.
Emboldened by the two victories, the
British landed at Pointe-Claire,
on the Island
of Montreal, but withdrew after Forster established the strength of
General Benedict
Arnold's force at Lachine.
In pursuit of the dwindling column, Arnold pursued the British using bateaux
but was deterred from landing by Forster's placement of men along the embankment
at Quinze-Chênes,
supported by two captured cannon pieces. Both Arnold and Forster postured,
each threatening the other with the prospect of atrocities: the killing
of prisoners by Forster's Indian allies and the destruction of Indian villages
by Arnold's men. Having agreed favourable terms to a prisoner exchange
with captives Butterfield and Shelburne, Forster's conditions were accepted
by Arnold on 27 May, with the exception of Americans being forbidden from
serving elsewhere. The decision would be denounced by the US Second
Continental Congress and the arrangement reneged upon under the pretext
that abuses had been committed by Forster's men.
In late July 1777, the regiment contributed
Captain Richard Leroult and 100 men to the Siege of Fort
Stanwix. Commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Barry
St. Leger, 34th
Foot, the force consisted of approximately 1600 men, comprising British
(100 8th, 100 34th) Canadian (65-100), German (350), Loyalist (400) and
Native American (700) troops. At the Battle
of Oriskany in August, Chief Joseph
Brant's men and the King's
Royal Regiment of New York intercepted American reinforcements for
Stanwix, inflicting more than 400 casualties, including General Nicholas
Herkimer. The fort itself was heavily defended and newly repaired and
prepared for a siege, while the besiegers numbers were insufficient and
their artillery of an inadequate calibree. During the time the ambush was
taking place, a sortie by from the forts defenders swept out unopposed
capturing much of the Loyalist and Indian camp and supplies. A few weeks
later the siege collapsed with the disappearance of the dis-spirited native
allies.
The regiment took part in further actions
at Vincennes
and the Battle
of Newtown (Elmira,
New York) in 1779, as well as the Mohawk
Valley in 1780 and Kentucky
in 1782. Captain Henry Bird of the 8th Regiment led a British and Native
American siege of Fort
Laurens in 1779. In 1780, he led an invasion
of Kentucky, capturing two "stations" (fortified settlements) and returning
to Detroit with 300 prisoners. |
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